Shanghai Dough Figurine Zhao's Art

Dough figurines, also known as "dough sculptures" or "glutinous rice figurines," are a traditional art form that uses edible flour and glutinous rice flour as the primary materials. This craft is popular across the country and has long been cherished by the people. Dough figurines often depict animals, myths, legends, historical stories, and characters from local operas. These figurines are typically classified into two styles: "lottery-style" and "case-style." The former are primarily simple, lively toys or food for children, while the latter are intricate decorative artworks with refined craftsmanship. To prevent cracking, insects, and mildew, additives are mixed into the raw materials.

The creation process involves pinching, rubbing, kneading, and lifting the dough to form the basic shape, followed by using bamboo tools to detail features like hands, feet, faces, and expressions. Final touches, such as hair accessories and clothing, are added to complete the piece. This art form relies heavily on the improvisation of street artists who, with practiced skill, can swiftly transform dough into vibrant artistic figures. Dough figurines reflect the aesthetics and aspirations of everyday people, offering valuable insights into Chinese folk history, customs, and art.

Shanghai Dough Figurine Zhao's art, pioneered by Zhao Kuoming (1900–1980), known as the "Dough Figurine King," is a prominent example of this craft. Originally from Shanghai, this art form gradually gained influence beyond the city. Zhao Kuoming expanded on traditional techniques, developing the "Eight Hand Pinch Methods" and "Eight Tool Methods," which significantly enhanced the expressiveness of dough figurines, particularly in capturing character features and object textures. His works are known for their detailed and lifelike depictions, intricate decoration, and elegant style, embodying the unique cultural characteristics of Shanghai. Notable works like "Second Visit to the Palace," "Guan Gong Reading at Night," "National Unity," and "Great Wall of Friendship" are considered masterpieces of dough sculpture art.

However, the preservation of Shanghai Dough Figurine Zhao's art faces challenges, particularly as the number of skilled artists dwindles. In response to market pressures, the production process has become faster and less precise, compromising the meticulous craftsmanship that once defined the art. If these trends continue, the art form risks losing its original charm and fading into obscurity. It is imperative that efforts be made to protect and preserve this delicate craft to ensure its survival for future generations.